Z*Magazine: 22-Feb-88 #94
From: Atari SIG (xx004@cleveland.Freenet.Edu)
Date: 07/24/93-09:21:40 AM Z
From: xx004@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Atari SIG)
Subject: Z*Magazine: 22-Feb-88 #94
Date: Sat Jul 24 09:21:40 1993
______________________________________
|////////////////////////////////////|
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|/SYNDICATE ZMAGAZINE 94 ONLINE NEWS/|
|/----------------------------------/|
|/PUBLISHER/EDITOR|February 22, 1988/|
|/ RON KOVACS | Issue #94 /|
|////////////////////////////////////|
|////////////////////////////////////|
|____________________________________|
|Syndicate Publications |
|Post Office Box 74 |
|Middlesex, New Jersey 08846-0074 |
|____________________________________|
|Syndicate-ZMAG (201) 968-8148 3/12 |
|XBN-ZMAG (617) 770-0197 3/12+|
|Stairway-ZMAG (216) 784-0574 3/12 |
|____________________________________|
|///////////[-CONTENTS-]\\\\\\\\\\\\\|
|____________________________________|
|*|ZMag Newswire [Atari News Update]|
|*|ZMag Technique [Mr. Goodprobe] |
|*|Quick Mod [1200XL Keyboard] |
|*|ST KeyLock [Lock up Mod] |
|*|AtariWriter Plus and SpartaDos |
|*|ZMag Archives [From GEnie Atari8]|
|*|Basic Programming Part 7 |
|_|__________________________________|
______________________________________
|*|Editors Desk
______________________________________
by Ron Kovacs
Well, another week has slipped by and
still no due date on the continuing
saga of Kovacs Baby #2. Doctor said
this past Saturday that he MIGHT have
made a mistake and reset the day two
weeks ahead! Details as they become
available.
In last weeks ZMag, (#93) I listed the
Stariway to Heaven BBS number very
wrong!! It turned out to be a voice
line!! I corrected it above. My
apologies to the party...
The Syndicate BBS has returned to
service. Returning this past weekend,
with FoReM XE and a bare bones system.
I will be updating it in the next few
days. If you get a chance, Please call
and atleast get your access back so
when we are all together, you can get
right into things. The number is:
(201) 968-8148 300/1200 Ascii/Atascii.
I want to thank Terry at Gateway City
BBS for his assistance with the
software. Give him a call at (314)
647-3290.
Mike Shoenbach of the CompuServe
Atari SIGS mentioned in the CO Sunday
night that there will be a new area
debuting on the SIG this week. Give
it a call this week for details. I
will update you on this next week.
Interesting reading... John Nagy has
alot to say this month in Computer
Shopper. Please buy it or subscribe
if you dont get it!!
Newsletter info begins next week.
Thanks for reading and hope to see
on the Syndicate BBS!
______________________________________
|*|ZMag Newswire
______________________________________
Atari Update
============
Kyodo reported late last week that
Atari has aquired court injunctions
against six companies for infringing
it's copyrights and patents.
In the court injunction, agents of
Atari seizd over $64,000 worth of
pirated goods.
Kyodo, a Japanese News Service
reported "The six companies were
alleged to have brought in Taiwanese
copies of the Atari 200 video games
and software game cartridges."
Apple Computer took the same legal
action earlier in conjunction with a
new copyright law in Singapore.
Kyodo is part of NewsNet which can be
accessed through Compuserve and the
IQuest area. IQuest reviewed in 1986
in ZMagazine.
______________________________________
ZMag Technique
______________________________________
A Review of...
"Your Atari 8 Bit Comes Alive"
by Mr. Goodprobe
Your faithful hardware addict had the
privilege of hearing the following
short story recently:
The fruit pickers down in good ole
Florida decided to employ the services
of some newfangled computerized robots
to help them in the often tedious
chore of picking scrumptious Florida
oranges from the tress in which they
are perched. But...an unforseen
problem caused the project to grind to
a screeching halt! It seems that in a
cost cutting measure these
"programmable pea-pickers" as I call
em, were equipped with black and white
video scanners. Needless to say, to a
robot with a black and white scanner
for video purposes, somehow a bright
shiny orange ready for the pickin' and
fluffy clouds bear a remarkable
similarity! Thus on numerous occasions
the robots were found "locked up"
with their robotic arms waving towards
the heavens in a futile attempt to
pluck "cumulus" oranges from the sky!
My oh my, what a sight that must have
been.
Anyone even remotely involved in the
computer industry today cannot help
but be excited and enthralled with the
advent of so many new and exciting
advancements in hardware design and
development, and software versatility.
Faster and more powerful are the
keywords of today's computer
revolution. But it is this very same
computer revolution that is causing
consternation in the hearts of many
computer owners as they begin to feel
left out by all the progress that is
going on round about them. The very
same computers which they hold near to
their hearts (and had placed a severe
load on their wallets in the past),
are now "slow ancestors" to the
"miracle micro's" of today. The news
we see today is that these computers,
like the Atari 8 bit series, will soon
be a forgotten, but pleasant memory.
Atari has made it known, that with the
exception of the XE game system, this
is the last year for their support of
the 8 bit line. And Commodore too
expects to sell its 8 bit line of
computers only 2 more years, and hopes
to push its Amiga into the forefront,
and indeed it already accounts for 40%
of its sales in the last few months.
But, I wish to go on record by firmly
stating that I do not feel these
computer manufacturers are in tune
with the facts as the presently exist.
As in the case of the Atari 8 bit
series, this user base contains some
of the most knowledgable programmers,
hardware enthusiasts, and general
computer addicts known on this fine
planet of ours.
New applications, hardware, and ideas
will continue to flow forth that will
continue to keep these computers alive
and well for all computerdom to see.
One such item is a new disk/book
combination called your "Your Atari 8
Bit Comes Alive", written by Richard
Leinekecker, and edited by David
Leinecker. These are the same fine
folk that previously released "Your St
Comes Alive" and "The Scientific ST".
These previous 2 volumes were reviewed
by me in earlier issues of Zmag, and
all are available from Midtown Tv (see
bottom of this article) and from
selected software stores across this
fine land of ours.
Like its predecessors, it is chock-
full of hardware projects that the
user can build and run from his own
computer. An accompanying disk is
filled to the brim with programs that
are used to run the projects you
build. The programs are admittedly
bare-bones as described by the author,
and this is to encourage enhancement
by the users themselves. Although they
are in this fashion, they do the job
well, and are the proud product of
careful planning and many hours of
debugging and enhancing.
The first 3 chapters of this volume
break the necessary ground you need to
cover in order to understand these
pertinent topics:
1.> The use of breadboards, and the
etching of PC-boards to be used in
the construction of these and
other hardware projects.
2.> Construction of a 1.2 to 37 volt
power supply for use with these
projects and others you care to
build in the future.
3.> The basics behind resistors,
capacitors, diodes, transistors,
IC's, and voltage regulators.
4.> A quick run-through of the binary
number system, and hexidecimal
operations.
5.> Programming tips that touch on:
a.] Hardware specific peeks and
pokes...
b.] Graphics modes...
c.] Useful memory locations...
d.] Machine language routines from
Basic...
e.] Display lists...
f.] Overlays...
g.] Display list interrupts...
h.] Vertical Blank interrupts...
After breaking you in gently by
guiding the user through the
construction of 2 relatively simple
projects using the joystick ports
(reading data from them), and switch
projects (like a computerized
stopwatch), he then proceeds to
unleash a barrage of fantastic
hardware based goodies!
Feast your eyes on these!:
1.> Door alarms (could even have 255
of them operational at the same
time!)
2.> Visible light detectors
3.> Infrared light detectors
4.> Touch switches
5.> Speed detectors
6.> Frequency detectors
7.> Data encoders (as in encoded
keypads)
8.> Light pens
9.> External device control
A.> Data decoders
B.> Serial data (teaches you how to
build an infrared system capable
of sending serial data via
infrared light!!!). This project
alone was worth the price of the
book.
C.> Data selectors
D.> Analog data devices
E.> Audio synthesizers
F.> Tone decoders
G.> Networking devices
H.> Display lighting
With the facts you will pick up from
this fine volume, and the fun you will
have building the projects contained
within, you may finally be able to
convince your wife that this computer
you bought really was for
"educational" purposes.....Nah!!!!
"Your Atari 8 Bit Comes Alive"
"Your ST Comes Alive"
"The Scientific ST" are all written by
and the exclusive property of Richard
Leinecker.
Keep those Atari's hummin!
Mr.Goodprobe
(on lend from)
Midtown TV 27 Midway Plaza Tallmadge,
Oh 44278 Atari 8/16 Repair/Sales
Also:Commodore 8/16 Repair
Many items have flat repair rate, call
for prices!
Zmag Midwest Headquaters bbs is:
Stairway To Heaven 216-784-0574
300/1200 24 hours
Featuring Zmag, 25 on-line games and
Public Domain downloads for Atari 8
bit, ST, and Amiga computers!
______________________________________
Quick Mod
______________________________________
Captured from CompuServe Atari 8
To modify a 1200XL keyboard to work on
other models of Atari computers remove
the 15 conductor cable, ic chips,
capacitors and resistors from the
board and connect wires from the 22pin
keyboard connector in the computer to
the locations shown in the following
diagram.
I have done this modification to a 400
and think it will work with all
models. I believe that the
programmable function keys should
operate properly on XL/XE computers
but the OS in the 400/800 does not
recognise them.
2 8 10 14
1+ + + + + + + +8 1+ + + + + + + +8
3 5 11 13
1 7 15 17
16+ + + + + + + 16+ + + + + + + +
4 6 12 16
19 21
15+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1
22 20 18 9
15 pin connector/left ic pad/right ic pad
______________________________________
Lock and Key for the ST
______________________________________
By R. Flashman [the Flash]
Reprinted from Nybbles & Bytes, 9/87
I was walking by Radio Shack today,
and in I went. Under the alarm
section, I saw they sell a round key
lock like the ones used on an IBM AT.
Since it is for an alarm, it has the
contact on one side, all read for an
electrical wire. Hmmm, I thought. I
am always getting annoyed by people
who play with my ST at a show or
meeting when I am busy doing something
else...
I bought it... And I found space right
over my joystick ports (520) on top of
the RF shielding, and now I have an AT
style lock and key on my ST! Looks
very good, was dead cheap, and in the
off position, you cannot turn on the
ST!
Actually, so simple it is disgusting.
(Lock cost $9.99) I haven't tried a
1040 yet, so not sure about location.
I found two locations on the 520; on
top of the unit, t othe back and left,
directly above the cartridge port.
Turn your 520 upside down and you will
see how much space there is. I am
hoping that the 1040 has the same
space.
The other, which is the one I used, is
right above the second joystick port.
(The one you DON'T plug the mouse
into.) There is enought space, and it
lies right above the RF shielding, it
is also next to the power supply, so
not much cable is needed.
The switch has two connectors on its
end. I connected two wires to it, and
then opened up the RF shielding. You
will notice that the power switch has
three legs coming out of it. The one
you want to get is the smallest one.
(This is the one closest to the back
of the ST.) I cut it right where it
meets the main board. (Now that took
guts!) Then I soldered one of my
wires to it. I then connected the
other wire to one of the wires that
comes up from the board to that funny
round magnet that is to the left of
the power switch (and about an inch
into the board). The wire that it
gets wired to is the one closest to
the mouse port. If you don't believe
me, look under the board and you will
see that originally that wire was
connected to the leg that we just cut
off the power switch. You NOW have a
switch to the power switch. Turn the
key off and the power switch becomes
useless.
This will void your warranty. But it
works like a beauty. WE are now
offering it as an option for our STs
at the store!
______________________________________
Atariwriter + and SpartaDos
______________________________________
by Glenn K. Smith (70357,1136)
This documentation covers how to make
ATARIWRITER+ use the ramdisk of a 256k
computer. You must have a Newell,
Rambo or some other memory upgrade
that gives you at least 256k.
First, make a copy of the original
disk, then put the original away, you
won't need it. Next, you have to
rename a couple of files. Rename
AUTORUN.SYS to AWXE.COM, and AP.OBJ
to A.OBJ.
Now comes the fun part. Boot some
sort of disk editor. I prefer using
Disk Master found in DL 3 for making
quick changes. The following
procedure is for my version of the
program. There may be other version
that Atari has put out, so you might
have to search the disk for these
values. Also, these changes may work
for the non-XE version of ATARIWRITER,
but you'll have to find the correct
sectors for the changes.
Patchs:
First change all the instances of
D:AP.OBJ to Dn:A.OBJ (n is your drive
number, I prefer 2). These are found
on sectors 84, 315, 525, and 526.
Next change the two instances of
D1:AP.OBJ to Dn:A.OBJ (this will make
the filename read Dn:A.OBJJ. Replace
the second J with a $9B(EOL)). You'll
find this on sectors 467. On sector
469 you'll see D1:AP.OBJ and on sector
204 you'll see AP.OBJ. Change the
AP.OBJ to some other letters. Invalid
DOS characters such as the double
quote, dollar sign work well. These
are the two checks the program makes
to see you are trying to get a
directory of the original ATARTIWRITER
disk. They don't affect the SpartaDOS
copy because you have to rename the
AP.OBJ file to A.OBJ.
To allow ATARTWRITER+ to use both the
PROOFREADER and MAIL MERGE programs
from the ramdisk, change the D1:MM.OBJ
on sector 188 to Dn:MM.OBJ. Change
D1:PROOF on sector 181 to Dn:PROOF.
You must also make a few program
changes to complete the process. First
find the start of the AUTORUN.SYS file
(now called AWXE.COM). Locate the
bytes $AD $1F $D0 $C9 $05 $D0 $03 $4C
$35 $22 and replace them ALL with $EA.
These should be on the first or second
line of your editors display. This
change will disable the "RUN PD"
option. Since you'll need a batch
file to copy all the stuff over to the
ramdisk, this option wouldn't work.
To enable all the programs to use the
ramdisk, you must disable the "CHECK
DISK" routine. This routine checks to
see if you have the correct disk in
the drive. Since you are using a
ramdisk, this option will cause
problems. To fix this, find all the
occurences of $C9 $C6. On my disk
these are found on sectors 428, 448,
and 516. A few bytes before those
two, you should see $20 $53 $E4. You
want to change the $20 $53 $E4 to $EA
$EA $EA. On sector 516, you'll need
to make one additional change. Find
the bytes $4C $77 $E4 and change them
to $F0 $03 $EA.
There, now all you have to do is copy
the files to a SpartaDOS disk. The
batch file you'll want use will look
similar to this:
BASIC OFF <--No BASIC
RD D2: /E <--Ramdisk with 64k reserved
COPY A.OBJ D2: <--Copy Program
COPY PROOF. D2:<--Copy PROOFREADER
COPY MM.OBJ D2:<--Copy Mail Merge
COPY GEMINI. D2:<--Copy a printer drvr
COPY *.DCT D2:<--Copy supplimental
dictionaries
AWXE <--Run the program
If you have problems or questions,
please leave me a message and I'll try
and answer them as soon as possible.
If anyone is interested, I have also
gotten Visicalc and other programs to
work with SpartaDOS.
______________________________________
ZMagazine Archives
______________________________________
by Ron Kovacs
Many people ask me each week about
reading the older issues of ZMagazine.
I decided the best way was to show you
what is available is by capturing the
listings from GEnie and CompuServe.
This week GEnie is spotlighted and
next week we will update you on CIS.
Not every issue is available, but if
you are missing a few issues and want
them, you might find them here.
Zmag Issues numbers were changed at
the end of the 1986 calender year.
We originally published the date as
part of the filename. (Ex:ZMAG0527)
This example would mean it was from
May 27th, 1986. Since the change to
a new year, a conflict might appear
in filename. So, started the popular
issue number as the filename.
(Ex:ZMAG93)
This example tells you it is Issue #93
of a regular edition. Special issues
and feature releases may not have a
issue number attached.
If an issue contains (ZMAG59A) a
letter after the issue number, this
means it was updated or re-editted
after the release of the original.
A document or header in the issue
should explain the reason for a
change.
I hope this fills you in on the
filenames. Now the GEnie ZMag File
Directory.
No. File Name Address YYMMDD Bytes
======================================
2873 FIX1050.TXT R.KOVACS 880130 6300
2875 REVIEWS.TXT R.KOVACS 880130 23940
2874 SPARTADOS.TXT KOVACS 880130 18900
2886 ZINDEX87.ARC KHK 880205 10080
1126 ZMAGJULY 15,JEFFWILL 860727 27720
1125 ZMAGJULY 22,JEFFWILL 860727 30240
2224 ZMAG#001.TXT KOVACS 870713 2520
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______________________________________
Programming in Atari Basic
Part 7 of a series
______________________________________
Part 7 LESSON 4 Version 1.07
Testing, Branching and Counters
(C) COPYRIGHT 1987 by Jackson Beebe
------------------------------------
More on LOOPING:
------------------------------------
In the Part 6 we learned the powerful
technique of sending program control
back through previous lines of code,
called LOOPING. As we said in Lesson
3, this is a prime feature that
separates computers from calculators.
The program can be sent back through a
pile of source code lines, by using a
FOR-NEXT or a simple GOTO statement,
as:
10 DIM NAME$(15)
20 PRINT "Hello. Who are you? ";
30 INPUT NAME$
40 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
50 PRINT "Hi there ";NAME$
60 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
70 GOTO 20
-----------------------------------
TESTING:
-----------------------------------
The process that unleashes the power
of looping is TESTING. This gives us
the ability to make decisions each
time we fall through the code, as
"should we continue?"; "should we
quit?"; "is the input numerical?"; "is
X > 42?"; etc. We can write lines of
code that accomplish some purpose as
guessing the Lotto number, and loop
through multiple times. If we do
that, we need to test on each pass for
things like, "should we quit?";
"should output go to screen and/or
printer?"; etc. This is accomplished
by placing lines in the routine's
code, usually at the beginning or the
end, that test before or after
execution.
A test at the beginning of a loop is
called a Top Test, and usually tests
whether to go through the loop or not.
A test at the end is called a Bottom
Test, done after the loop is
completed. This usually tests whether
to loop back or not. For example:
* * TOP TEST * *
10 X = 0
20 IF X > 10 THEN END
30 X = X + 1
40 PRINT X
50 GOTO 20
or
10 X = 0
20 X = X + 1
30 PRINT X
40 IF X < 10 THEN 20
50 END
* * BOTTOM TEST * *
Tests for various conditions and
instructions may be grouped together
in one location in a program, into
"piles" of IF-THEN statements. I
prefer this approach, as a pile of
lines makes it easy to find and debug
tests. IF-THEN statements execute
pretty fast, but you'll notice some
slowing when using a large number.
------------------------------------
BRANCHING:
------------------------------------
Testing, coupled with looping, gives
us the ability to make decisions as we
loop. An additional ability we have
in programming, is BRANCHING.
Branching is simply WHERE we send
control from one of our tests. If our
test asked "should I quit?", and got a
YES response, we would probably send
control to the line that had the END
statement, ending the program.
Possibilities begin to unfold like
petals of a flower, as you "grok" the
concept of lines of code with multiple
tests for multiple things, sending
control to multiple possible places,
where multiple things may happen, and
on and on and on. Wow! Now THAT'S
programming. That's what you've been
waiting for, right? Now, how do we
code these tests? These CONDITIONAL
TRANSFER OF CONTROL statements? They
are the IF-THEN statements.
------------------------------------
IF-THEN statement:
------------------------------------
This statement takes the basic form
of:
line# IF (some test) THEN (some
statement)
------------------------------------
RELATIONAL Operators:
------------------------------------
We can test for standard mathematical
relationships with the RELATIONAL
Operators which are:
= equal to
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
<> not equal to
Some examples:
15 IF X > 89 THEN GRADE$ = "A"
95 IF A <> B THEN C = A + B
135 IF NUM = 99 THEN ? "Bye":END
20 IF X > 14 THEN 1200
10 IF NAME$ = "JACKSON" THEN 135
Characters may be tested for
alphabetical order, equal to, greater
than etc.
------------------------------------
LOGICAL Operators:
------------------------------------
Tests may be combined, or substituted
using the LOGICAL Operators:
AND and OR
For example:
110 IF X >14 AND DAY$ = "M" THEN 1200
We can test for a range of numbers as:
15 IF X > 0 AND X < 100 THEN 100
25 IF X < 0 OR X > 100 THEN END
Line 15 above, accepts numerical input
to the variable X, that is between 0
and 99.999+. Line 25 rejects input
OUTSIDE the range of 0 to 100 (same
thing.)
Although it looks easy, knowing when
to use AND and when to use OR in your
tests, will be very confusing. As you
reason out the logic of multiple
tests, you will make the wrong choice
many, many times. Be mistrustful of
your tests, until they are proven
correct by trying good and bad data
for input. Always check the use of OR
and AND when debugging programs that
don't work right. Try numbers on each
side of the limits, to make absolutely
sure you've got it coded right.
These really get confusing when we
string tests together as:
70 IF (X> 0 AND X< 10 AND FLAG = 1)
THEN FLAG = 0
This line tests for three conditions,
and if True, sets FLAG = 0. Note
parenthesis used between the IF and
THEN portion of the statement. These
are often required to keep things
straight, and always allowable. Note
the code following the THEN in this
case, is not a GOTO, but simply an
instruction. Here's a test to Quit:
80 etc
90 DIM KEYIN$ (1)
100 ? "QUIT (Y/N) ? ";
110 INPUT KEYIN$
120 IF KEYIN$="Y" or KEYIN$="y" THEN ?
CHR$(125):END
130 etc
This code dimensions a one character
string variable KEYIN$ for input. It
tests for both an upper and lower case
y, clears the screen and ends the
program if found. Testing for both
upper and lower case is the best idea,
as the program will work, regardless
of how the user has the upper/lower
case toggled. This is an example of
error checking the input, a process
that bulletproofs a program against
incorrect input causing a crash. This
is often a factor that separates
smooth professional programs from
rough hacks. We will expand on this
process as we learn.
Note the quotes around alphabetic
characters being tested for, and that
Atari BASIC is forgiving about whether
you use spaces before and after the
relational operators, and variables,
etc. Also note we MUST restate the
variable when using AND and OR. Here's
WRONG code that WON'T work:
(wrong) 10 IF A<6 AND >10 THEN END
(right) 10 IF A<6 AND A>10 THEN END
The syntax checker in the built-in
BASIC editor will catch this error.
Multiple statements may be hung on the
end of an IF-THEN, separated by
colons. The code following the THEN
will be executed when the IF-THEN
statement tests TRUE. All code past
the THEN will be executed up to the
permissible maximum line length of
three screen lines. The code following
the THEN is never executed if the
statement tests False. For example:
10 FOR X = 1 TO 25
20 IF X>=6 AND X<=10 THEN ? X
30 NEXT X
40 END
This program prints:
6
7
8
9
10
The equal sign tests for EXACTLY equal
to, and 5.9999 is NOT equal to 6. This
can be tricky. It is common practice
to use < and > to test for numbers, or
<= and >= when possible, to avoid
numeric errors resulting from
multiplication or division causing
slight inequality. Strings may be
tested, and < and > will test for
alphabetical order of the first
letters of strings.
Again, don't trust your eyes and brain
to know whether you've arranged your
AND's and OR's, parentheses and logic
correctly. It always LOOKS right. Use
correct and incorrect input, and make
sure by trial and error that
everything is correct.
Some BASIC's support an ELSE addition
to the IF-THEN statement, but Atari
BASIC does not. Don't worry, we don't
really need it. You can always arrange
code to achieve the effect you want.
When an IF-THEN statement is False,
execution resumes at the very next
line, and the IF-THEN is NOT executed.
The opportunities, and combinations
are endless, and knowing a few good
"hacks" is what separates new from
experienced programmers. We will
continue to learn about IF-THEN
statements for a long time.
______________________________________
ZMagazine Issue #94 February 22, 1988
(c)1988 SPC/Ron Kovacs
______________________________________
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